\t\t\t\tIt’s my Friday lay day blog and I am spending most of today reading French documents from the 1960s. The French theme is appropriate given recent statements by the ‘new Napoleon’ a.k.a. Fran\u00e7ois Hollande this week about his intentions to ignore the rigid fiscal rules imposed on Eurozone Member States and expand the fiscal deficit to allow him to employ a significant number of extra workers in various areas of policing and security. While abandoning the “Stability Treaty” to use Hollande’s own words, by which he means the Stability and Growth Pact and its associated and pernicious fiscal rules and oversight, is an admirable display of leadership, the fact that he can only see to do this by engaging in more machinery to entrench the ‘war on terror’ more deeply is disturbing. It would have been much better if he just admitted that fiscal rules governing the Eurozone Member States are unworkable and prevent a government from fulfilling its responsibilities to advance the well-being of its citizens. He is now open to debate in France was the Conservatives who clearly favour more state police, security and military expenditure, such is their xenophobia, but are now demanding that such expenditure is done within the narrow limits of the fiscal rules and are therefore calling for reductions in spending on health and public services. I doubt that even this new Napoleon will be able to sale free of the fiscal straitjacket that is the Eurozone, major security threats notwithstanding.
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I don’t wish to comment specifically on the context of the French President’s comments. I am not qualified to make professional assessments of what went down in Paris this week. I have opinions as a private citizen but that is not what this blog is about.<\/p>\n
Suffice to say I would be providing significant economic aid with guaranteed employment and educational advancement opportunities in areas where I thought young people might be being persuaded to strap bombs on their bodies with the aim of killing themselves and as many others that happen to get in the way.<\/p>\n
On November 16, 2016, the French President Fran\u00e7ois Hollande made an impassioned speech to the French Parliament – Discours du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique devant le Parlement r\u00e9uni en Congr\u00e8s<\/a>.<\/p>\n Quite remarkably he declared that “La France est en guerre” which I am sure doesn’t need my translation.<\/p>\n He then said that the attackers:<\/p>\n \n… constituent une agression contre notre pays, contre ses valeurs, contre sa jeunesse, contre son mode de vie.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n (“constitute an aggression against our country, against its values, against its youth, against its lifestyle”).<\/p>\n Before he makes pronouncements of groups who undermine the youth of France he might like to remember that France currently has a youth unemployment of 24.2 per cent and a failing education system which excludes those without adequate resources.<\/p>\n He might like to reflect on the long-term unemployment rate of 43.9 per cent (and rising).<\/p>\n But worse, a report from January 14, 2015 – Is France failing its Muslim youths?<\/a> – wrote that:<\/p>\n \nIn the suburbs of Paris, where millions of first- and second-generation Arab and African immigrants live, unemployment is over 50 percent.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Between 2012 and 2013, the independent group – Collective Against Islamophobia in France<\/a> – which is part of the “European Network Against Racism” reported that islamophobic acts had risen by 47 per cent.<\/p>\n An October 2014 Report from the Migration Policy Institute – Shifting Focus: Policies to Support the Labor Market Integration of New Immigrants in Franc<\/a> – noted that the French “government has not made a policy priority of getting newcomers into jobs” despite this cohort facing “a number of challenges to entering and advancing in the French labor market, including discrimination, foreign qualification recognition, and limited professional networks” and enduring chronic unemployment rates.<\/p>\n The Report also found that:<\/p>\n \n… migrants are excluded from the more prestigious elements of France’s workforce development system … <\/p>\n Immigrants … have higher unemployment rates … And gaps between natives and immigrants appear to be widening.<\/p>\n These poor employment outcomes have been linked to a number of socioeconomic factors, including lower educational levels, difficulties getting foreign skills and experience recognized … limited language proficiency, coupled with a labour market that is not open to foreign-language speakers, poor social networks, and discrimination by employers. Moreover, immigrants and ethnic minorities are more likely to live in is disadvantaged urban areas, where jobs suited to their skills are rare …<\/p>\n About one-fifth of the French labor market is off-limits to migrants from outside the European Union because of nationality requirements.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n There are many other dimensions to the disadvantage that immigrants face in trying to make it in France and other Eurozone countries.<\/p>\n The harsh austerity that has been inflicted on all of the Member States of the Eurozone which has rendered millions of workers unemployed and pushed many of them into increased poverty impacts disproportionately on the disadvantaged groups in the labour market, which includes the immigrants who have sought a better material life for themselves and their families.<\/p>\n So whatever Fran\u00e7ois Hollande might say now about other factors that are clearly undermining the position of migrants in France, especially the youth, he should reflect on his own role in this regard, as one of several political leaders who have deliberately used fiscal austerity and other pernicious social programs associated with the austerity.<\/p>\n With that said Fran\u00e7ois Hollande’s speech to the Parliament was rather extraordinary, it’s Napoleonic overtones notwithstanding.<\/p>\n He told the Parliament that:<\/p>\n \nMa volont\u00e9 est de mettre toute la puissance de l’Etat au service de la protection de nos concitoyens.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n “My will is to put the power of the state to protect our citizens”.<\/p>\n He went onto outline his Napoleonic intentions to destroy IS and called on the other Member States of the EU to honour Article 42-7 of the EU Treaty, which says that if one state is attacked, all Member States are severally responsible for the defence of the attacked state.<\/p>\n He also signalled that he wanted legal changes within France that would reduce the freedom of its citizens.<\/p>\n They are matters the international lawyers can discuss.<\/p>\n The interesting part of the speech as far as I was concerned, given my interests, was that Hollande proposed a significant increase in public employment in France.<\/p>\n He said:<\/p>\n \nAlors, 5,000 emplois suppl\u00e9mentaires de policiers et de gendarmes seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s d’ici 2 ans afin de porter le total des cr\u00e9ations d’emploi de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 10,000 sur le quinquennat. Cet effort qui est consid\u00e9rable et qu’assume le gouvernement dans le contexte budg\u00e9taire que chacun connait permettra simplement de restaurer le potentiel des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure au niveau qu’elles connaissaient en 2007.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n So over the next five years there will be 10,000 new jobs created in the police and security areas in addition to new technology and equipment and “d’investissement n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l’accomplissement des missions” (“investments necessary to implement the tasks”).<\/p>\n He also said that 2500 additional jobs will be established in the judicial services area and the customs administration will be strengthened by 1000 new positions.<\/p>\n Further, the army would be strengthened, in that there be no reduction in staff levels until 2019 and supplementary investments in Army reserves will be made.<\/p>\n With an unemployment rate of 10.6 per cent (higher than the Eurozone average), these measures, while small in magnitude will be beneficial to the ailing French economy.<\/p>\n Fran\u00e7ois Hollande then made the significant statement that:<\/p>\n \nToutes ces d\u00e9cisions budg\u00e9taires seront prises dans le cadre de la loi de finances qui est en ce moment m\u00eame en discussion pour 2016. Elles se traduiront n\u00e9cessairement, et je l’assume devant vous, par un surcro\u00eet de d\u00e9penses mais dans ces circonstances, je consid\u00e8re que le pacte de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 l’emporte sur le pacte de stabilit\u00e9.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Which means that “All these budgetary decisions will be made as part of the Finance Bill, which is currently under discussion for 2016. It will result necessarily … by additional spending, but in these circumstances, I consider the security pact outweighs the stability pact”.<\/p>\n SECURITY PACT OUTWEIGHS THE STABILITY PACT!<\/p>\n At present, the European Commission – Autumn Forecasts 2015 – France<\/a> – expects the Government deficit will be 3.8 per cent of GDP in 2015, then 3.4 per cent of GDP in 2016 and 3.3 per cent of GDP in 2017.<\/p>\n It is also expecting the public debt to GDP ratio to rise to 97.4 per cent by 2017 up from 95.6 per cent in 2014.<\/p>\n The so-called structural deficit is also expected to be close to the upper fiscal limits allowable under Eurozone rules.<\/p>\n By any stretch of the imagination, France was already on a collision course with the European Commission under the Excessive Deficit Mechanism procedures.<\/p>\n The further stimulus measures now proposed in response to the attacks in Paris will clearly push the public deficit well beyond the fiscal rule limits and it is hard to see France being compliant for the next five or eight years at least.<\/p>\n So is this the game-changer for the Eurozone. How are the mandarins in Brussels and Frankfurt going to cope with one of the major nations declaring that their attention to the fiscal stability agreements takes a lower priority to matters of national security?<\/p>\n I thought that the response of Bruno Retailleau, who is President of the “groupe Les R\u00e9publicains” (the conservative right-wingers) was interesting.<\/p>\n He gave an interview to the liberal-oriented French news daily – l’Opinion – on November 18, 2015 – \u00abCette id\u00e9e d’un pacte de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 contre un pacte de stabilit\u00e9, c’est une facilit\u00e9\u00bb<\/a>.<\/p>\n He made the conservative position clear. The extra spending on defense and police proposed by French government should not be at the expense of maintaining the so-called “financial recovery of the country” (“ne doit pas se faire au d\u00e9triment du redressement financier du pays”).<\/p>\n He supported the extra spending claiming that the current defence budget is incapable of ensuring the safety of the French people.<\/p>\n But Fran\u00e7ois Hollande’s claim that the “security pact outweighs the stability pact” is opposed by the Conservatives.<\/p>\n Retailleau said thata security spending would have to be incorporated in the current austerity framework and suggested that the government should cut medical assistance spending, reduce public services, and take other measures which will reduce government spending overall by \u20ac5 billion in the coming year.<\/p>\n On reflection, one wonders what Fran\u00e7ois Hollande thought was the emergency that required him to become a vehicle for austerity which has obviously undermined growth and prosperity in France, and arguably, contributed to some of the discontent of its migrant youth, now that in a single speech, he doesn’t actually think the stability pact is a priority.<\/p>\n So things on the economic front in the Eurozone will continue to be interesting, one thinks.<\/p>\n There was a Reuters report this week (November 16, 2015) – Finnish parliament will debate next year leaving euro zone<\/a> – which suggests things in Finland might also destabilise the Eurozone.<\/p>\n Apparently, “a citizens’ petition” has been lodged with Finland’s Parliament demanding that a parliamentary debate be held in 2016 to introduce a “referendum on euro membership”.<\/p>\n With Finland now approaching basket case status within the Eurozone, given the latest national accounts data, there is growing sentiment that the euro might be the problem.<\/p>\n We will follow this with interest.<\/p>\n This is what I have been listening to while working this morning. Last night I was rehearsing with my band and we were working on a breakdown and an instrument reintroduction section of a piece. It reminded me of this great album by Gato Barbieri which I bought when it came out in 1973 – Chapter One: Latin America<\/a> – released by Impulse! Records.<\/p>\n This track – To be continued – was recorded at Odeon Studios im Rio de Janeiro.<\/p>\n The album has been called “one of the all but forgotten masterpieces in 1970s jazz”. I have never forgot it and play it regularly.<\/p>\n What a collection of great players this is!<\/p>\n Gato Barbieri on tenor sax is joined by a host of Argentinean jazz greats to create this magic reprise … The whole album is excellent.<\/p>\nFinland – also about to become interesting<\/h2>\n
Music – Chapter One: Latin America<\/h2>\n